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Saturday, February 9, 2013

Sumner on the Difference Between MMers and NKers

  
     He takes another look at what Krugman's said in the past regarding monetary policy and comes up with yet another elaboration on the difference between Market Monetarism and New Keynesianism:

     "It’s harder than most people assume to pin down the difference between new Keynesianism and market monetarism. Perhaps we are simply more confident that the BOJ can succeed if it tries."

     http://diaryofarepublicanhater.blogspot.com/2013/02/what-nick-rowe-does-at-600-pm.html?showComment=1360413204766#c8736232573991740197

     Often Sumner makes mountains out of molehills when discussing what this difference might be and when looking at Krugman's comments on monetary policy. Here he admits it's not quite the gaping canyon he sometimes makes it seem .

     One way I think that Krugman would certainly differ from Sumner and MM is the transmission mechanism. For Sumner if the Fed says it will target a NGDP trend of say 4.5% or 5%,-or whatever; he insists the exact number is not that important-it will hit it as long as it has credibility and not all that much is needed for it to obtain credibility. Here is Sumner speaking to a commentator at Money Illusion:

    "Geoff, Under NGDPLT the Fed would buy much less than today."

     http://www.themoneyillusion.com/?p=19266#comment-226273

     I doubt Krugman would agree that it's this simple. So this is one way that he'd be "less confident" than the MMers. As longtime Diary of a Republican reader and commentator Greg said:

     "The thing is, GDP as it is currently reported, IS nominal! We dont report a real number (number of units sold say) we report number of units x price. Its the price that is important and becomes "the" number. This obsession with NGDP implies that we currently arent reporting NGDP. Now, it might be that the fed does not target it per se, but that is certainly the metric they look at to determine if the economy is moving in the direction they wish. So the only way the fed can directly affect prices of things which contribute to GDP in our economy (which are newly created output, not secondary or used items) is to actually buy those things themselves. If they want new house prices to rise, they need to buy new houses (or give the money to someone and tell them to buy new houses). If they want new car prices to rise same thing. Thing is if they actually engage in this activity, which our congress has currently expressly forbidden, they will be conducting fiscal policy."

     "As Sumner and Rowe see it fiscal policy conducted by CB is monetary policy. They just want to call it a different name cuz they dont like fiscal."
 
      http://diaryofarepublicanhater.blogspot.com/2013/02/what-nick-rowe-does-at-600-pm.html

      Parenthetically, Rowe seems a little less singlemindedly opposed to fiscal stimulus if I read him right. Maybe his being Canadian is the reason. They are so good at disagreeing agreeably.

     That part about the GDP that we currently use already being nominal is an idea I've never heard before, but is interesting. However, he's certainly right that what's called "fiscal" or "monetary" policy with the MMers is a very political question in a way that it isn't for Krugman or Delong or probably for a Mike Woodford either. But you also see just how "confident" Sumner is that the CB can move mountains by this claim that it actually would have to do very little if it declared a NGDPLT target-he's said that it would be less than it's doing now.

     Krugman for his part has found the idea of a NGDPLT target attractive for the reason it has seemed like it could be attractive to me: it might make somewhat higher inflation politically acceptable. However for Sumner and fellow MMers, it's more about making anything called "fiscal stimulus" less politically acceptable.

    http://marketmonetarist.com/2012/01/31/christensens-postmodernist-mind-fuck/

     P.S. Greg also had a succinct description of what I've written about before-the Sumner method.

     http://diaryofarepublicanhater.blogspot.com/2012/04/anatomy-of-scott-sumner-post.html

     Yes, I had a little fun with Sumner in the post entitled Sumner: EMH now proven. Greg sums it up well:

     "First, Sumners post assumes that those three arguments represented the ONLY arguments one could use against EMH, second he assumes that those arguments really were a refutation of EMH and thus disproving them was proof of EMH."

    "Yes the state of the science as practiced by Sumner is dismal...... he's no scientist he's a political hack interested only in turning fiscal policy into something conducted by the fed...... and calling it monetary policy."
     http://diaryofarepublicanhater.blogspot.com/2013/02/sumner-emh-now-proven.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+DiaryOfARepublicanHater+%28Diary+of+a+Republican+Hater%29

     I really loved the banality of that piece by Sumner: ok, so you guys were right back in 2010 but now you're not.

     P.S.S. I had an interesting discussion in the comments section with the reader Tom Brown about gun control. Turns out he has a history with firearms, including so-called assault weapons. While he admits that selfishly he'd rather not have to give them up he does recognize the need to do something in the face of all these mass shootings. I'll write a post about his comments soon as it's a fresh perspective from someone who's clearly a decent, responsible guy and who has used so-called assault weapons-a somewhat arbitrary designation that we make for political reasons-like the MMers do with "fiscal" vs. "monetary" policy.

     In his opinion what's most a problem with the "assault weapons" is the ability to shoot so many rounds per magazine clip. Clearly if the Newton shooter hadn't been able to shoot so many rounds without reloading he would have killed far less kids and educators.

    

    

   
    
     

    

58 comments:

  1. Mike, good post again. One nit though: don't call it a "clip." It's a "magazine." Not important in the grand scheme of things, but it'll help when addressing a gun enthusiast with a tin ear.

    Clips are used to feed magazines. That's the distinction. For example the old M1 rifle of WWII had an internal (non-detachable) 8-round box magazine, which you could "charge" (load) more rapidly with the aid of a "clip" (called a stripper clip). I've never seen one in action, but a bit of lore I've heard is that the clip in this case was actually inserted right into the magazine, and that when the rifle fired it's last shot, the clip would come flying out making a "ping" sound which, if the enemy could hear that, let them know the last round had been fired. Not sure if that's true or not, since I've never actually seen it for myself!

    Here's an image of an M-14 (similar to the M-1 but with a detachable box magazine) being loaded w/o removing the magazine from the rifle with the aid of a stripper clip:

    http://i8.photobucket.com/albums/a18/darwin25/m14stripper.jpg

    The "Mini-14" I referred to earlier, is (in a loose sense) a smaller caliber, smaller in general, civilian version of this M-14.

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  2. Well, actually I wasn't quite right either! See here:

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clip_%28ammunition%29

    So the M-1 used an "en bloc" clip not a stripper clip. But the part about it coming out of the rifle on the last shot or last chambering of a round appears to be true.

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  3. OK, last bit on this: take a look at this short compilation from "Saving Private Ryan":

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jobfbmwVu9o

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  4. TK for the links Tom. I'm not a gun guy obviously. What you see is that even most some NRA members support sensible reforms-like background checks and limits on magazines. I don't doubt that these ideas and stronger gun trafficking laws will pass.


    The asulat weaoons ban is more iffy-that you admit you'd at least on a personal level rather not see... I can understand that. I mean if there was only a way to make sure that people like the Newton shooter and the crazy Batman killer in Coorado couldn't get assualt rifles but responsible gun owners like you could it'd be great.

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  5. Jeez, I learned something else today! "tin ear" is the exact opposite of what I meant!

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  6. Perhaps we could designate special zones, like all of Nevada for example, where people could keep their military style weapons, go there, use them on ranges, but leave them there.

    Hahaha... little chance of that I guess. Again, keeping my dangerous toys is not at the top of political litmus tests. Just a "like to have" really.

    But I'll bet the backlash would be TERRIFIC if someone proposed actually confiscating (even if the gov paid "market price") people's existing guns... of ANY type. That's something the Dems should steer way way clear of just for political strategy reasons (not my own selfish reasons).

    I don't think any politician is proposing that right now, and that's probably wise.

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  7. I thought your use of "tin ear" was fine-basically people who are poor listeners. At least I felt like I knew what you meant

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  8. tin ear - insensitivity to the appropriateness or subtlety of language

    from here:

    http://www.thefreedictionary.com/tin+ear

    I think what I was trying to say is someone who's SENSITIVE to the subtlety of language in this regard. It's funny, but I pick up on that every time I hear this topic discussed, in the media or otherwise... and I didn't used to care about it myself, but once another gun owner stopped me and explained the difference, I can't get it out of my head anymore! Now it's slightly annoying and grating every time I hear it used incorrectly!

    It's like those people for whom "nuclear" pronounced in W's way grates on them. I've learned who those people are in my life and always stop and think first because I have no idea how it's going to come out of my mouth... the difference is lost on me most of the time. I have a "tin ear" for that.

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  9. Tom do you know anything about the concept of a "balanced budget multiplier"-where taxes and government spending are both raised in equal amounts? I'm reading some interesting discussions about it-it was back in January 2012 but I was reading archives.

    http://www.themoneyillusion.com/?p=12759

    http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/01/17/when-some-rigor-helps-mildly-wonkish/

    http://uneasymoney.com/2012/01/16/i-figured-out-what-scott-sumner-is-talking-about/

    It's an idea of New Keynesians-I think though it may go back to Paul Samuelson-that a tax increase actually increaes the stimulus.



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  10. Bill Mitchell also posted on it at the time http://bilbo.economicoutlook.net/blog/?p=12914

    Its probably based on a fallacy-that you have to mollify those concerned about "rising debt" but I find it an interesting discussion.

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  11. First time I've ever heard about it. I'll take a look...

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  12. Woodford did a paper on it.

    http://www.columbia.edu/~mw2230/G_ASSA.pdf

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  13. Meltzer had a snarky WSJ op-ed about it.

    http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204777904576651532721267002.html

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  14. The reason it interests me is I'm trying to figure out what a fiscal operation really is as opposed to what a monetary operation really is and this novel approach offers yet another way of contextualizing the question.

    I see already that Mitchell says that this idea made sense in the 40s as then countries didn't have fiat currencies and really did have a budget constraint.

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    1. Yeah, that kind of make sense. In other words if nothing else it gets money moving, right?... or should we visit the old bugaboo of the right and say it's "redistribution"

      Re: financial vs monetary... one of Sumner's commenters (one that likes to argue with him) that goes by "Shining Raven" was really after him with questions about that. She (Actually I have no idea if it's a woman, but for some reason I picture "her" as female) was arguing that if the Fed buys government issued assets it's monetary, but if the Fed buys anything else (MBS for example) or, as Sumner has stated when describing how far the Fed should be prepared to go in ensuring it reaches its NGDP target, "the whole Earth" then it's fiscal. This was not too long ago... (a week ago perhaps).

      Forgive me for being too lazy to track it down, but it's late!

      I jumped in a couple of times because I couldn't decipher Scott's responses. It's funny how someone can write a book over there, and then he comes back with a couple of cryptic sentences in response, which then sets off another book... sometimes I think he does that on purpose... like a cat playing with it's prey. But basically he said "no, what the Fed does is never fiscal because it doesn't involve gov debt."

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    2. I cant remember exactly who it was that described it this way, but it was someone like a JKH at "MR".... that commenter that chimes in every so often at a site that really seems to "know something"... and it MAY have been JKH before there was an MR, who described the difference between fiscal and monetary this way; Fiscal changes the distribution of goods via the govts power to tax and spend while monetary simply changes prices of goods and whatever redistribution happens is a result of the price changes.

      I really liked that and I wish I could find that comment. It was over 2-3 years ago when I first started doing this econ blogging daily. Now I try and cut and paste great comments I read into a folder I keep on my desktop. I wasnt doing that then.


      Again though, this whole "NGDP targeting" seems just an unnecessary addition of an "N" . Just target GDP! GDP ......IS an N. We later might go back and adjust for inflation but we only do that down the road. There is no way to do it in real time. Sumner wants to sound like he's coming up with some brand new idea....

      "Hey lets have the Fed target the price of our output!!"

      "Ummm isnt that what we do now? Isnt GDP the price of our output?"

      "No, now we target inflation!"

      "And we measure inflation ..... how?..... By prices do we not?"

      "Yes but lets target even HIGHER prices!!"

      "Okay.... well how do we do that? "

      "By emphatically stating we want higher prices!!"

      "Well if we are having trouble getting 2-3% inflation... how can we get 5-6% inflation"

      "NOOOOOO not inflation...... PRICES!!!!"

      "Again... how do we measure inflation?"

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    3. Thanks Greg that sounds like a pretty good definition of the difference

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    4. Hey Mike (Greg and Tom, too). Sorry my recent absence but nice to see good conversations taking place frequently now.

      Whether or not that comment was from JKH (who is a fantastic source of knowledge), my answer would be pretty similar. That being said, I think the Fed has already crossed the line with its varying bailout capacities.

      Another way to think about the distinction is whether you would approve of non-elected representatives making certain decisions. Imagine the CB starts buying stocks, bonds, houses, etc. Are you comfortable with the Fed deciding which individuals/companies to purchase from and at varying prices? I expect our lines on this will be drawn differently, but nonetheless that opens up a huge gap for moral hazard and certainly undermines democracy, at least to some degree.

      While on this topic, I agree with Greg's earlier comment (noted in the post) that the CB will have to purchase real goods in order to approach successful NGDP targeting. The number of ways in which this policy would negatively affect the economy and society and too many to start listing.

      One question that I will pose to you Mike (and anyone else), is why do you believe higher inflation rates are good? Is it because of higher NGDP? Lower public debt/GDP? Less inequality?

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    5. I'd answer your question this way Joshua;

      I start with the idea that a steadily growing output of goods and services AND growing wages over time are good. This combination of events usually ends up in, what our modern economists seem to observe, "inflation".

      I'm not an inflationophobe because it seems to me that every tool we use to fight inflation ends up with the average person working more, making less and in general leading a rougher life. It also seems to me that its only the net savers, the 1% if you will, who are overly concerned with inflation. They love to express concern for inflations affects on our grandmas with a fixed income, but I dont buy their crocodile tears.

      I happen to be a net saver too and while I certainly notice that my savings are buying less and less I cant see why everyone else should have to suffer austerity so I dont have to spend my savings a little faster than I planned. There were no, and there never should be any, guarantees that the income I chose not to spend last year or ten years ago will buy what it could have bought then now.

      I hope that made sense

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    6. Greg,

      Thanks for responding and that definitely made sense. You actually address what I was hoping to get at, the connection between inflation and wages.

      Over the past few years, maybe decades, wages for the majority of Americans have not been keeping up inflation (using basic measures). As I see it, many current suggestions to produce higher inflation through fiscal or monetary policy are unlikely to have a strong affect on wages. Therefore higher inflation will actually force most Americans to spend out of savings or borrow more to maintain relative consumption levels.

      I recognize that this scenario is not what Mike, you, or many others are actually promoting, but think it's important to be clear that higher inflation is primarily only good if it due to higher wages (and not just at the top of the distribution).

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  15. I give him some credit for at least reading a lot of those comments though like the some of those you describe-best definition would be "terse"-you wonder how much he really read.

    Of course, if you disagree with him it's always becasue you failed to read what he said or read it properly.

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  16. Hey Woj! Great to have you join us. I agree with what Greg said about inlfation mostly being a rich man's worry.

    I don't see the "Great Moderation" as anything to brag about. This vaunted "price stability" was achieved by basically crushing wages-going back to the Volkcer disinflation.

    My feeling is that a inordinate fear of inflation hurts rather than helps the poor and middle class.

    Nor is it only about wages but also your debt burden. If you are a debtor-and it's fair to say that generailly the debtors are a lower income group than the creditor class-your real interest rate on your debt is the nominal rate minus the inflation rate.

    It stands to reason then that a higher inflation rate would help in that regard.

    I think we would benefit with somewhat higher inflation or at least I think the 2% rate is a bit low-though with Bernankes recent "QEInfinity" he's essentially raised the inflation rate a little at least for now.

    My real concern is less that we need much higher inflation-though somewhat higher might be good-but that the inlfationphobes really Tretard our chance at a recovery with all their baseless kvetching.

    The fact is inlfation is low, and there's no sign of Krugman's bond vigilatntes-yields will by close to 0 for the foreseeable future.


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    1. "your real interest rate on your debt is the nominal rate minus the inflation rate.

      It stands to reason then that a higher inflation rate would help in that regard. "

      This actually hits on the point I was trying to counter. Any individual's real interest rate is the nominal rate on their outstanding debt minus their nominal rate of income growth. This is an important distinction!

      I would point out that lower income individuals are most likely to be paying higher nominal rates while experiencing lower nominal income growth. Thinking through this, it may be the case that higher inflation actually increases inequality. (I need to think about that a bit more)

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    2. I don't see why that is. It depends what wages do.

      You seem to think that inflation will raise prices but not wages. This has been true over the last 30 years but not because inlfation was high as you previously allowed.

      Even if for argument's sake a higher level of inflation gives you no gain in nominal wages it will still cut what you owe in debt.

      My view is that the goal shouldn't be any partiuclar level of inlfation but that there's no partiuclar virute in very low inlfation.

      Even if consumer goods came down so would wages-after all if businesses can't sell at good prices they will try to make it up in wages.

      I see worry about inflation right now as misplaced. The only time in U.S. history such worries were justified was the 70s.

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    3. "Even if for argument's sake a higher level of inflation gives you no gain in nominal wages it will still cut what you owe in debt."

      How so? In nominal terms your debt and wages haven't changed. In real terms your debt and wages have both fallen. Maybe I'm misunderstanding something?

      Separately, let me try to clarify my position...

      I don't know if higher inflation will or will not raise wages. Experience over the past 30 years suggests good reason to at least remain uncertain on this issue. Since the benefit of higher inflation is supposed to be higher wages, there is clearly good reason to be highly skeptical of this policy's effectiveness.

      I agree that the goal shouldn't be any particular level of inflation, but I would go further and say that it shouldn't be higher or lower inflation either. The trouble is that mainstream economists increasingly favor higher levels of inflation and/or targeting higher levels. Based on my experience and understanding of economics/history, there is extremely insufficient support for the overwhelming optimism surrounding these policies.

      On the whole I agree that worrying about inflation right now is silly. Personally I am very unconcerned about current or future inflation. What I am concerned about is trying to use inflation as a policy tool. I still don't think that fear is misplaced.

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  17. Mike, wasn't sure where to put this really, and this certainly isn't news, since this is a rather old interview, but I thought it was still worth pointing out if you haven't heard it before. In fact a wrote a little synopsis over all pragcap and tried to relate it to a weekend debate that took place there on the "Ask Cullen" page between how to apportion blame between lenders and borrowers in the run up to the financial crisis:

    http://pragcap.com/ask-cullen-2/comment-page-1#comment-137697

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  18. Mike, thought you might like:

    http://pragcap.com/ask-cullen-2/comment-page-1#comment-137697

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    1. Hey Tom

      My thoughts on the whole apportionment of blame between lenders and borrowers is that its clear one side controls the transaction almost completely. Yes banks have a good reason (profit motive) to lend but they also have(or should have) a good reason to lend wisely, protect shareholder losses. No person can make a bank say yes and no bank can claim they were totally misled unless they did their due diligence and checked income sources and assets but were lied to by many people, not just the borrower. Collusion on a moderate scale is required to completely BS a bank. They have access to many sources of confirmation of your financial situation. If they dont get the ok from you to check things out....... no loan!!

      Further, the occasional person that was able to get away with outright lying to get their mortgage really has very little incentive to complete fraud. Once you cannot pay you lose the house. Yes the houses value may not be booked on the banks balance sheet as a gain due to price changes but the bank still gets the real asset AND gets their liquidity issues covered by the fed if they occur.

      There is very little true incentive for borrowers to totally defraud banks. If they are successful in securing a loan they cant really service for the term they agree to, but end up paying long enough to sell the asset for a profit then no one is worse for the wear. They both made out. Banks got some interest, got their principle back and can make another loan....... to the same person if they wish. That person now has more cash.

      It seems to me that ALL the control/blame/responsibility lies on one side. If not all then an overwhelming majority.

      My .02$ worth

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    2. Greg, I like your argument. I'm not sure why Cullen is so insistent they we apportion a healthy bit of blame to the borrowers too. He does agree banks are probably more than 50% to blame.

      Did you read some of the other comments on Cullen's site about that?

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    3. No Tom I didnt look at any of the other comments over there.

      I did leave this comment on his post about the corporate cash hoard:



      "When you talk about the corporate debt levels are you referring to the amounts they owe to bondholders or the amounts they owe to banks….. or both?

      I can understand how they might have seen an increase in corporate paper issuance as some people diversify away from low yielding treasuries but I dont understand why they would be taking out more bank loans as that is usually a sign they are expecting future growth to pay back that debt.

      If its more corporate paper issuance isnt that just a zero sum game? Dont the funds for that paper come from the non corporate sector and represent a reallocation of prior saving?

      If it is just more corporate paper, I think that lends credence to your idea that they arent doing as well nor expecting to. They are just taking the non corporate sectors cash issuing a bond for it and paying back quarterly interest. They arent growing nor expecting to, they are just treading water.

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    4. Couple notes on this thread:

      While I think banks certainly deserve a large share of the blame, it's important to remember that their incentives heavily favor lending and not worrying about the risk. This is in large part due to the political environment (i.e. deposit insurance, creditor bailouts, subsidies, lack of prosecution, etc).

      With respect to Cullen's post about corporate debt, nonfinancial corporations have certainly been taking out more bank loans. As I recently showed, net interest payments from corporations have been rising for most of the past 30 years. I think tax preferences for debt over equity play a large role here as well as repatriation taxes.

      Here are the related posts I'm referencing:
      http://bubblesandbusts.blogspot.com/2013/02/inequality-really-is-holding-back.html
      http://bubblesandbusts.blogspot.com/2013/02/the-rise-of-debt-interest-and-inequality.html

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    5. Hey Woj

      Are you certain that the interest payments were only to banks? Do not payments to bondholders also get tagged as "interest"?

      I agree about the perverse incentives that lenders now have but I wouldnt put deposit insurance in there as a part of the problem. Why do you think that deposit insurance is problematic?

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    6. You're correct. Interest payments were likely split among bondholders and banks. However I am certain that business loans have been increasing rapidly the past few years (http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/graph/?id=BUSLOANS,). This is partially why the decreasing fiscal deficit has not resulted in even weaker GDP growth and higher unemployment.

      As I see it, banking regulation consists of five groups:
      1) Depositors - want to prevent default to protect deposits
      2) Bond holders - want to prevent default to protect investment
      3) Equity holders - want to ensure risk/reward ratio is sufficient given current prices
      4) Bankers - want to maximize profits, increasingly over the short-to-medium run
      5) Regulators - want to prevent default without restricting credit

      Deposit insurance removes one of the groups especially concerned with default risk from the equation. Creditor bailouts remove another.

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    7. OK, I see how having more people fighting against default adds another level of safety (maybe not best word). The more people you have looking out for their own competing interests the more responsibility the bank feels. Is that what you are saying?

      But, if thats what you are saying, I dont see how the average depositor, (the guy who just wants to accumulate dollar balances without needing to convert to paper and put it under his mattress) can have much influence. How can the average guy really make an informed decision about his choice of banks risk profile? The average guy doesnt want to worry about any of that. Hes working 40-60 hours a week and wants to enjoy other aspects of his life without figuring out weekly or monthly whether his bank deposits are in the safest place.

      I see deposit insurance as a must for people who just dont want to play the investment game.

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    8. I completely agree that individuals will want some type of deposit insurance. Private deposit insurance would be a potential option. Even still, I recognize that the safety of banks is much more complex today, especially given the size of institutions.

      I'm not especially against govt deposit insurance. I would like to see more recognition that maintaining that policy requires adjustments in regulation to prevent excessive risk taking.

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    9. "I would like to see more recognition that maintaining that policy requires adjustments in regulation to prevent excessive risk taking."

      Totally agree here.

      Have you seen this proposal by Warren Mosler?;

      http://moslereconomics.com/wp-content/pdfs/Proposals.pdf

      I'd be interested in your thoughts on it

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    10. While I certainly think we need govt deposit insurance for the reason Greg said: most people just want a safe place to deposit their money, they don't want such a high level of due diligence, I know that Minsky too-which no doubt Mosler is aware of and draws from-thought there were problems with deposit insurance at least for some entitites.

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    11. He thought it at least should be revised or reformed in some ways. An argument could be made that it's available to too many entities today-notably Goldman Sachs and MOrgan Stanely becoming "holding banks" in 2008

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    12. Pretty sure I've seen it before but I'll take another look and let you know. Mosler is definitely one of the best sources on these matters.

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    13. Agree Mike that a big part of the issue has been expanding the definition of bank to include the Goldmans and Morgan Stanleys of the world.

      Of course deposit insurance would be less of a necessity if people knew that after 20-30 years of working they had a decent retirement wage already guaranteed via a stronger SS system. Id be less worried about saving more now if I knew that near destitution wasnt a possibility.

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    14. I think though it's important to bear in mind that historically banks were very unsafe for small depositors prior to govt deposit insurance. Bank runs used to be a normal part of life eery 3 to 5 years.

      You want to argue that GS shouldnt have it and other TBTF institutions ok. HOwever, samll depositors need the protection

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    15. Bank runs are still a normal part of life. The only difference is that now depositors are already protected and creditors are increasingly protected. Bank runs occur we just don't accept the results if the bank is large and interconnected enough.

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  19. Sorry for the double post, but I think I my 1st disappeared! but then it's back. Strange.

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  20. Miike, have you been following this debate about Say's Law and the corporate profits sink-hole:

    http://pragcap.com/an-alternative-view-on-the-corporate-cash-hoard

    Krugman, Roche, JKH, Sumner, Cowen, Stiglitz (at think... at least Krugman brings him up), and somebody called Dorman have all chimed in that I'm aware of (and perhaps Noah Smith too... somebody w/ that name commenting at pragcap and Dorman's site.

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  21. Tom, From Krugman yesterday on "Still Says Law After All These Years..." (Paul Simon would say: "Still Crazy....:)http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/02/10/still-says-law-after-all-these-years/

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  22. Nanute! You are out and about. Yeah, a good debate over Say's Law is a good way to get the juices going.

    I'll have to weigh in on this later. Sumner is at his snarky best here.

    "We need to teach our macro students two key concepts: Say’s Law, and the need for NGDP targeting in a world of sticky wages. Flush the rest of Keynesianism down the toilet."

    http://www.themoneyillusion.com/?p=19358#comment-226905

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  23. Mike,
    I take a week of "vacation" and you get a comment thread like this! Very nice and thoughtful comments throughout. As usual, I'm late to the party, but I'll comment on Woj's inflation question. He's right that if wages don't rise to a equal or greater level than the increased inflation, it hurts the consumer/middle class disproportionately. The real question is why haven't wages kept pace with, or actually declined against inflation rates for the past few decades? I would argue that the gains in productivity produced by workers were not distributed in an equal fashion. More of the gains went to the top <1% which has created a negative balance in "equilibrium." Add the continued lowering of tax rates, both on corporate and individual income and the effect is compounded. Historically, we've been a consumer based economy. Well, the majority of the consumer class is tapped out, and doesn't expect any relief from the rentier class.

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    1. nanute,
      Nice to see your back. Hope the surgery went well/smoothly!
      Thanks for backing up my claim. Trying to understand why wages are not keeping up with inflation is definitely a key question for determining the best policies going forward. My bias is to think the change is related to changes in bank lending/debt that occurred around 1980, but I don't have a well thought out view on the matter.

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    2. Woj, Thanks. I'm slowly on the mend. It was not a pleasant experience to say the least. Interesting thought you've got there regarding changes in bank lending/debt that occurred around 1980. Remember the S&L Crisis? More to the point on your comment below on debt writedowns: As Art at the New Arthurian has been arguing for the past year or more, it is private consumer debt that is the problem, not public, (government debt.) If the government is going to be in the business of guaranteeing most private debt in form of mortgage and student loans, why do we need the banking sector to be the lender? It only adds to the cost of borrowing, and when the debt goes south, the government is there to pay the bill. I've mentioned before that I think the next big problem for the financial sector is the student debt problem. It is virtually impossible to repudiate through bankruptcy, and without some sort of reform, is a ticking time bomb.

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    3. And I should have added that I agree with the notion of debt writedowns. Imagine what would happen if all consumer debt interest rates were cut in half of what they are currently. All of the efforts to date have been to stabilize the financial sector, (needed), with no focus on the consumer debt level side of the ledger. It's time for a jubilee.

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    4. Amen Brother Nanute. Student loans are something I know too much about personally.

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    5. Glad to hear you're on the mend!

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    6. If the govt is guaranteeing all of the debt than it's true we shouldn't really need a banking sector. The question is why should the govt guarantee all mortgage and student debt? (There are certainly better arguments for the latter.)

      Btw, sadly I'm too young to really remember the S&L crisis and probably need to learn more about the details. Too bad we weren't even willing to uphold the law this time around and put criminals behind bars. Even worse is focusing all the recovery efforts on the financial system and hoping it trickles down through the system.

      Sadly I fear the odds of changing the current policy environment are increasingly slim.

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  24. Yeah Nanute-we've gone national the last week. LOL.

    Regarding inflation I still think it's at best a double edged sword-it's effets are mixed. Not all of them are good or bad. One very good thing is higher inflation lowers what debtors owe.

    I guess what you and Woj are saying is that if inflation goes up raising only prices but not wages it hurts the little guy.

    But in any case that's not been the problem over the last few years. I agree there's been stagnant wage growth but this is actually the legacy of Volcker's disinflation and the subsequent "Great Moderation" with its "price stability."

    Overall, the problems that the median American has had with stagnant wages and incomes is not inlfation.

    I also think it's important to clarify that it's certainly not true that the lower inflation is the better it is for the median American.

    I would say that deflation is much more of an unmitigated bad than inflation. For me inflation phobes do a lot more harm to policy than inflationphiles.

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    1. Lower inflation is better for the median American if food and energy prices fall while wages steadily increase. I'm not saying this could be engineered but that would be positive.

      This debate about inflation is why I continue to favor a policy of debt wrtiedowns. The trouble for median Americans is that interest expenses on outstanding debt have reached a level that forces most households to restrict consumption and eliminates any ability to save for the future.

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  25. "Lower inflation is better for the median American if food and energy prices fall while wages steadily increase. I'm not saying this could be engineered but that would be positive."

    I don't get why you need low inflation to raise wages. I guess you are figuring that lower inflation will raise wages by lowering the costs of goods. But lower inflation will also slow wage growth.

    Since Volcker we've had very low inflation and it's lowered wages more than prices. INflation was not the dominant cause of this.



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    1. Sorry for being unclear. I don't think low inflation is necessary or even helpful for raising nominal wages. My point was that depending on what is driving changes in the price level, low inflation or deflation could be consistent with rising real wages for most workers.

      Changes to the price level (inflation) certainly was not the dominant cause of diverging wages and prices. That is precisely why it seems crazy to think engineered changes in the price level (inflation) will reverse that trend.

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  26. [...] On the topic of inflation, I have recently been engaging in a debate with Mike Sax (see here and here) about the potential benefits of targeting a higher inflation rate. [...]

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